1.wiro kakwamba ka raba gouliaries
[1839 ~11904] mu nyengo iyi, vinthu vyakovwira vya raba vikuyimilirika na ŵakukhozgera ŵakukhozgera vulcanization . mafakitale gha labala ghanjira mu nyengo ya ŵakukhozgera ŵakukhozga ŵambura kupangika, kweni ghaliso na masuzgo nga ni nkhongono zichoko zakukwezga na kugwira ntchito makora yayi kwa vulcanization kugwira ntchito {{{{{{{{{)} .
Mu 1839, vulcanization yikasangika.
Mu 1844, carbon dioxide iyo yikulongozgeka na sulfide, yikasangika {.
Mu 1846, kusangika kwa ŵantu awo ŵakupenja thovu, kusanga nthowa yakuzizima ya sulfure chloride vulcanization .
Mu 1904, ŵakasanga kuti carbon yifipa yingagwiliskirika nchito mu labala .
2.Mtundu wachitatu wa raba autoliaries
[1980 ~] mikhaliro yikuru ya vyakuwonjezera vya labala mu chigaŵa ichi ni chivikiliro cha chilengiwa na ntchito zinandi.
Mu 19800 1981, NS yakukhozgera yikapangika .
Mu 1985, MTT yakukhozgera chilengiwa yikayambiskika {.
Kufuma mu 1991, awo ŵakuvikilira chilengiwa awo ŵakukhozgera chilengiwa yayi, awo ŵakukhozgera chilengiwa, sulfonamides, awo ŵakukhozgera mchere wa zinc, sulfides, awo ŵakukhozgera ma antico na ŵanyake awo ŵakukhozgera ŵapanga na kugwiriskira ntchito mwakulondezganako . ZBPD, TBSI, TBBS, TBzTD, TBzTD, TIBTD, ZDIBC, ZBEC, ZBEC, ZBEC, AS100 na vinyake vyakupangika vyapangika mwakulondezgana.