1. United States mu 1988 kupanga rabara ya raba ndiyo yikwamba pa charu chose .
1.1 Kupereka msika wa vyakusazgapo vya labala .
Mu 1988, United States ndiyo yikupanga magalimoto ghakuru chomene pa charu chose, ndiyo yikupanga matayala ghanandi, kugwiriskira ntchito kwakwamba kwa pa charu chose, kupanga ma fraber accelerator nayo yikaŵa pa malo ghakwamba pa charu chose . Mu 1988, United States yikarya 2.8 miliyoni matani gha labala, ndipo yikapanga matani 160000 gha vyakuwonjezera vya labala (kusazgapo matani 38000 gha accelerators na 100000 matani gha awo ŵakulimbana na uchekuru).
1.2 Pali mafakitare ghanandi ghakupanga ma raba gouliaries .
Mafakitale ghakujumpha 20, kupanga mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya vyakusazgapo vya labala . Mitundu yikuru ni benzothiazole accelerators na p-phenylenidemine anti-agets . Vipambi vya vyakurya vya thiazole sulfonamide ni vikuru chomene, 72% ya acceperetors . Amine anti-mine anti-minali ya anti-minali ikupangiska kuti 61% {{00}} Mafakitale gha 5 gha raba: {1. Monsanto 50000 matani, 2. Matani gha 42000, 3. Guttridge 20000 matani,4. Uniroy 19000,5. Moby 16000 matani{.
1.3 Kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wa vyakusazgapo vya labala
United States yikugwira ntchito chomene pa kafukufuku wa vyakusazgapo vya labala, pali mabuku ghanandi gha patent agho ghakusindikizgika chaka chilichose, kupanga mabuku gha mitundu yose kukasanga kuti nthowa yikuru ya kafukufuku ya vyakusazgapo vya United States ni : cakwamba, kafukufuku wa vyakusazgapo viwemi vya labala; Chachiŵiri, kafukufuku wakukhwaskana na poizoni na chivikiliro cha kupanga vinthu vikwenera kukhozgeka . Chachitatu, kusintha kwa mafakitale ghakupanga mabala .
Pa nyengo iyo, mafakitale gha vyakusazgapo vya labala ghakaŵa pakwamba kwa chitukuko mu 1980s, agho ghakaŵa ghakuyana na kukura kwa China na mafakitale gha mafakitale gha chuma . Kweni fakitare ya raba yakuwovwira, ivyo vikufumamo, vyakupambanapambana, kafukufuku ni vinandi yayi, kafukufuku wakupangikaso mu sheyang, tianjin, jiangsu, henan na vinyake vyantheura pa .}